Great Turkish War
War after the Ottoman siege of Vienna that pushed Ottoman power back from Central Europe.
Historical overview
Overview adapted from a Wikipedia summary and stored locally on May 11, 2026.
The Great Turkish War or The Last Crusade, also called in Ottoman sources The Disaster Years, was a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League consisting of the Holy Roman Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, Russia, and the Kingdom of Hungary. Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The war was a resounding defeat for the Ottoman Empire, which for the first time lost substantial territory, in Hungary and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, as well as in part of the western Balkans. The war was significant also for being the first instance of Russia joining an alliance with Western Europe. Historians have labeled the war as the Fourteenth Crusade launched against the Turks by the papacy.
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Border context
Dynastic frontier wars
Bourbon, Habsburg, Ottoman, Qing and Commonwealth frontiers shift through dynastic wars and imperial consolidation.
Ottoman-Habsburg borders move back after Vienna. Qing rule consolidates over China and Taiwan.