Mexican Revolution
Decade-long revolutionary conflict that overthrew the Porfirian order and remade Mexico's state.
Historical overview
Overview adapted from a Wikipedia summary and stored locally on May 11, 2026.
The Mexican Revolution was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history". It saw the destruction of the Federal Army, its replacement by a revolutionary army, and the transformation of Mexican culture and government. The northern Constitutionalist faction prevailed on the battlefield and drafted the present-day Constitution of Mexico, which aimed to create a strong central government. Revolutionary generals held power from 1920 to 1940. The revolutionary conflict was primarily a civil war, but foreign powers, having important economic and strategic interests in Mexico, figured in the outcome of Mexico's power struggles; the U.S. involvement was particularly high. The conflict led to the deaths of around one million people, mostly non-combatants.
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Border context
Imperial world order
Large empires still structure much of the map, including Ottoman, Russian, British, French and Austro-Hungarian power.
Colonial borders dominate Africa and Asia. The Balkan Wars begin the rapid retreat of Ottoman Europe.World War I
Total war breaks imperial geography and prepares the collapse of several continental empires.
German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman and Russian imperial systems are under existential pressure.Interwar settlement
New states and mandates appear after World War I while revisionist border claims grow across Europe and Asia.
Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Baltic states become central to Europe's new map. Mandate borders reshape the Middle East.